Mycorrhizae
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It will depend on the species. Certain tree species have evolved to support these wet conditions.
For example, some species that live in swampy areas have developed special air roots (or, the more technical term: pneumatophores) that grow upwards and protrude out of water in order to provide adequate aeration to the roots.
Air roots of Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans) trees
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Air roots (pneumatophores) grow upwards and protrude out of water in order to provide adequate aeration.
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If you want to plant a tree where water accumulation occurs during certain times of the year, it is important to choose a species that can support poorly drained sites or that is flood tolerant.
Images:
Dead tree in mud of a ash pond by Ansh Mishra, CC BY-SA 4.0
Forest Swamp: Wileydoc on Pixabay
Air Roots of Black Mangrove: Katja Schulz from Washington, D. C., USA, CC BY 2.0
Mangrove pneumatophores, Sulawesi: Shao, CC
Dead tree in mud of a ash pond by Ansh Mishra, CC BY-SA 4.0
Forest Swamp: Wileydoc on Pixabay
Air Roots of Black Mangrove: Katja Schulz from Washington, D. C., USA, CC BY 2.0
Mangrove pneumatophores, Sulawesi: Shao, CC